14,413 research outputs found
The Anderson Model as a Matrix Model
In this paper we describe a strategy to study the Anderson model of an
electron in a random potential at weak coupling by a renormalization group
analysis. There is an interesting technical analogy between this problem and
the theory of random matrices. In d=2 the random matrices which appear are
approximately of the free type well known to physicists and mathematicians, and
their asymptotic eigenvalue distribution is therefore simply Wigner's law.
However in d=3 the natural random matrices that appear have non-trivial
constraints of a geometrical origin. It would be interesting to develop a
general theory of these constrained random matrices, which presumably play an
interesting role for many non-integrable problems related to diffusion. We
present a first step in this direction, namely a rigorous bound on the tail of
the eigenvalue distribution of such objects based on large deviation and
graphical estimates. This bound allows to prove regularity and decay properties
of the averaged Green's functions and the density of states for a three
dimensional model with a thin conducting band and an energy close to the border
of the band, for sufficiently small coupling constant.Comment: 23 pages, LateX, ps file available at
http://cpth.polytechnique.fr/cpth/rivass/articles.htm
Nearly optimal solutions for the Chow Parameters Problem and low-weight approximation of halfspaces
The \emph{Chow parameters} of a Boolean function
are its degree-0 and degree-1 Fourier coefficients. It has been known
since 1961 (Chow, Tannenbaum) that the (exact values of the) Chow parameters of
any linear threshold function uniquely specify within the space of all
Boolean functions, but until recently (O'Donnell and Servedio) nothing was
known about efficient algorithms for \emph{reconstructing} (exactly or
approximately) from exact or approximate values of its Chow parameters. We
refer to this reconstruction problem as the \emph{Chow Parameters Problem.}
Our main result is a new algorithm for the Chow Parameters Problem which,
given (sufficiently accurate approximations to) the Chow parameters of any
linear threshold function , runs in time \tilde{O}(n^2)\cdot
(1/\eps)^{O(\log^2(1/\eps))} and with high probability outputs a
representation of an LTF that is \eps-close to . The only previous
algorithm (O'Donnell and Servedio) had running time \poly(n) \cdot
2^{2^{\tilde{O}(1/\eps^2)}}.
As a byproduct of our approach, we show that for any linear threshold
function over , there is a linear threshold function which
is \eps-close to and has all weights that are integers at most \sqrt{n}
\cdot (1/\eps)^{O(\log^2(1/\eps))}. This significantly improves the best
previous result of Diakonikolas and Servedio which gave a \poly(n) \cdot
2^{\tilde{O}(1/\eps^{2/3})} weight bound, and is close to the known lower
bound of (1/\eps)^{\Omega(\log \log (1/\eps))}\} (Goldberg,
Servedio). Our techniques also yield improved algorithms for related problems
in learning theory
Establishing a Connection Between Active Region Outflows and the Solar Wind: Abundance Measurements with EIS/Hinode
One of the most interesting discoveries of the X-ray Telescope and EUV
Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on board the Hinode solar observatory is the
presence of persistent high temperature high speed outflows from the edges of
active regions. Measurements by EIS indicate that the outflows reach velocities
of 50 km/s with spectral line asymmetries approaching 200 km/s. It has been
suggested that these outflows may lie on open field lines that connect to the
heliosphere, and that they could potentially be a significant source of the
slow speed solar wind. A direct link has been difficult to establish, however.
In this letter, we use EIS measurements of spectral line intensities that are
sensitive to changes in the relative abundance of Si and S as a result of the
first ionization potential (FIP) effect, to measure the chemical composition in
the outflow regions of AR 10978 over a period of 5 days in December 2007. We
find that Si is always enhanced over S by a factor of 3--4. This is generally
consistent with the enhancement factor of low FIP elements measured in-situ in
the slow solar wind by non-spectroscopic methods. Plasma with a slow wind-like
composition was therefore flowing from the edge of the active region for at
least 5 days. Furthermore, on December 10--11, when the outflow from the
western side was favorably oriented in the Earth direction, the Si/S ratio was
found to match the value measured a few days later by ACE/SWICS. These results
provide strong observational evidence for a direct connection between the solar
wind, and the coronal plasma in the outflow regions.Comment: Version to be published in ApJ
Determinant Bounds and the Matsubara UV Problem of Many-Fermion Systems
It is known that perturbation theory converges in fermionic field theory at
weak coupling if the interaction and the covariance are summable and if certain
determinants arising in the expansion can be bounded efficiently, e.g. if the
covariance admits a Gram representation with a finite Gram constant. The
covariances of the standard many--fermion systems do not fall into this class
due to the slow decay of the covariance at large Matsubara frequency, giving
rise to a UV problem in the integration over degrees of freedom with Matsubara
frequencies larger than some Omega (usually the first step in a multiscale
analysis). We show that these covariances do not have Gram representations on
any separable Hilbert space. We then prove a general bound for determinants
associated to chronological products which is stronger than the usual Gram
bound and which applies to the many--fermion case. This allows us to prove
convergence of the first integration step in a rather easy way, for a
short--range interaction which can be arbitrarily strong, provided Omega is
chosen large enough. Moreover, we give - for the first time - nonperturbative
bounds on all scales for the case of scale decompositions of the propagator
which do not impose cutoffs on the Matsubara frequency.Comment: 29 pages LaTe
Theory of Weak Hypernuclear Decay
The weak nonmesonic decay of Lambda-hypernuclei is studied in the context of
a one-meson-exchange model. Predictions are made for the decay rate, p/n
stimulation ratio and the asymmetry in polarized hypernuclear decay.Comment: Standard 41 page Latex fil
The impact of midlife educational, work, health and family experiences on men's early retirement
Objectives. In empirical studies on predictors of retirement, midlife experiences have often remained implicit or been neglected. This study aims to improve our understanding of retirement by examining the impact of midlife educational, work, health, and family experiences on early retirement intentions and behavior. We distinguish theoretically and empirically between financial and nonfinancial preretirement factors through which midlife experiences could affect retirement.
Methods. Using panel data of 1,229 Dutch male older workers, we estimated linear regression models to explain retirement intentions and logistic regression models to explain retirement behavior.
Results. Midlife experiences in all studied life spheres are related to retirement intentions. Educational investments, job changes, late transitions into parenthood, and late divorces are associated with weaker intentions to retire early. Midlife health problems are related to stronger early retirement intentions. For midlife work and family experiences, the relationships are (partly) mediated by the preretirement financial opportunity structure. In the educational, work, and health spheres, the preretirement nonfinancial situation has a mediating effect. Only some of the predictors of retirement intentions also predicted retirement behavior.
Discussion. Given the destandardization of life courses, information on distal life experiences might become even more important toward understanding retirement in the future.
keywords: children; divorce; education; life course; retirement; work history
Design of an RSFQ Control Circuit to Observe MQC on an rf-SQUID
We believe that the best chance to observe macroscopic quantum coherence
(MQC) in a rf-SQUID qubit is to use on-chip RSFQ digital circuits for
preparing, evolving and reading out the qubit's quantum state. This approach
allows experiments to be conducted on a very short time scale (sub-nanosecond)
without the use of large bandwidth control lines that would couple
environmental degrees of freedom to the qubit thus contributing to its
decoherence. In this paper we present our design of a RSFQ digital control
circuit for demonstrating MQC in a rf-SQUID. We assess some of the key
practical issues in the circuit design including the achievement of the
necessary flux bias stability. We present an "active" isolation structure to be
used to increase coherence times. The structure decouples the SQUID from
external degrees of freedom, and then couples it to the output measurement
circuitry when required, all under the active control of RSFQ circuits.
Research supported in part by ARO grant # DAAG55-98-1-0367.Comment: 4 pages. More information and publications at
http://www.ece.rochester.edu:8080/users/sde/research/publications/index.htm
An Anomalous Extra Z Prime from Intersecting Branes with Drell-Yan and Direct Photons at the LHC
We quantify the impact of gauge anomalies at the Large Hadron Collider by
studying the invariant mass distributions in Drell-Yan and in double prompt
photon, using an extension of the Standard Model characterized by an additional
anomalous U(1) derived from intersecting branes. The approach is rather general
and applies to any anomalous abelian gauge current. Anomalies are cancelled
using either the Wess-Zumino mechanism with suitable Peccei-Quinn-like
interactions and a Stueckelberg axion, or by the Green-Schwarz mechanism. We
compare predictions for the corresponding extra Z-prime to anomaly-free
realizations such as those involving U(1)_{B-L}. We identify the leading
anomalous corrections to both channels, which contribute at higher orders, and
compare them against the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD background.
Anomalous effects in these inclusive observables are found to be very small,
far below the percent level and below the size of the typical QCD corrections
quantified by NNLO K-factors.Comment: 46 pages, 36 figures, comments and citations adde
Forward modeling of emission in SDO/AIA passbands from dynamic 3D simulations
It is typically assumed that emission in the passbands of the Atmospheric
Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) is
dominated by single or several strong lines from ions that under equilibrium
conditions are formed in a narrow range of temperatures. However, most SDO/AIA
channels also contain contributions from lines of ions that have formation
temperatures that are significantly different from the "dominant" ion(s). We
investigate the importance of these lines by forward modeling the emission in
the SDO/AIA channels with 3D radiative MHD simulations of a model that spans
the upper layer of the convection zone to the low corona. The model is highly
dynamic. In addition, we pump a steadily increasing magnetic flux into the
corona, in order to increase the coronal temperature through the dissipation of
magnetic stresses. As a consequence, the model covers different ranges of
coronal temperatures as time progresses. The model covers coronal temperatures
that are representative of plasma conditions in coronal holes and quiet sun.
The 131, 171, and 304 \AA{} AIA passbands are found to be least influenced by
the so-called "non-dominant" ions, and the emission observed in these channels
comes mostly from plasma at temperatures near the formation temperature of the
dominant ion(s). On the other hand, the other channels are strongly influenced
by the non-dominant ions, and therefore significant emission in these channels
comes from plasma at temperatures that are different from the "canonical"
values. We have also studied the influence of non-dominant ions on the AIA
passbands when different element abundances are assumed (photospheric and
coronal), and when the effects of the electron density on the contribution
function are taken into account.Comment: 48 pages, 14 figures, accepted to be publish in Ap
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